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Multi-Dimensional Drift-Diffusion Charge Control solver (DDCC) MENU

1D DDCC

1D DDCC is named after a one-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This solver initially solved the Poisson Schrodinger Equation developed at U of M, Ann Arbor. Then the function of the drift-diffusional solver was added by Prof. Yuh-Renn Wu when he was a PhD student at UM and got its name DDCC. After Prof. Wu became a professor at NTU, he continued to the improvement of this program. This solver can now solve many different problems such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, optical cavity mode models, and the newly added localization landscape model. The Polarization charges induced in the nitride system can be considered as well. The nitride-based 6 band k.p solver was also added into this program so that it can analyze the band structure variation due to strain. This code is written in Fortran language.

1D-DDCC includes following functions:
1. tunable parameters for all basic material properties
2. heterojunction simulation
3. dopant activation energy
4. eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. k.p solver of qw for wurtzite structures.
6. traps model single level traps Gaussian distribution traps.
7. tail state dos state models gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
8. tunneling probability calculation
9. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
10. impact ionization model is included.
11. BTBT model in included.
12. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
13. exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
14. field dependent mobility model is included 1 pool Frankel mode 2 field dependent mobility model
15. radiative SRH auger recombination model is included.
16. light generation simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling.

NTU-ITRI 1D-DDCC operation manual

● 1D_LED

● 1D_OLED

● 1D_HEMT

2D DDCC

2D DDCC is named from two-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This is a 2D finite element-based Poisson and drift-diffusion solver developed by Dr. Yuh-Renn Wu. This solver was initially developed with the thermal solver. Then, the Poisson and drift-diffusion solver was added to this project. This solver was initially developed to solve AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure. Therefore, the 1D Schrodinger cross-section solver was added to the program for obtaining the confined state information. The electric field distribution was then used in Monte Carlo program for high field transport. After Dr. Wu returned to NTU, the program was then modified to solve LED-based current spreading problems. The mesh algorithm was then improved gradually in order to deal with certain problems. After years of development, the 2D FEM-based Schrodinger eigen solver was added. It also accepts additional modules to read in the optical field from the 2D FD-TD program so that it can consider the solar cell problem. Then, the 2D ray tracing program was added to this project to solve the light extraction problem. This solver can now solve many different problems such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, and thermal and light extraction. Recently, a localization landscape model was also added to this program so that it can calculate the effective quantum potential very efficiently. This code is written in Fortran language.

This solver can solve the 2D FEM based Poisson drift-diffusion equation self-consistently and solve Schrodinger equation after poison and drift-diffusion solver is converged due to time issues. it has a built-in mesh generator. It also includes following functions:

1. tunable parameters for all basic material properties
2. heterojunction simulation
3. dopant activation energy
4. eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. traps model single-level traps Gaussian distribution traps.
6. tail state dos state models Gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
7. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
8. The impact ionization model is included.
9. The BTBT model is included.
10. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
11. exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
12. field dependent mobility model includes 1 pool Frankel mode 2 field-dependent mobility model
13. Radiative, SRH, and Auger recombination models are included.
14. light generation simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling. it can also be read in generation profiles from optical solvers such as 2D FD-TD
15. Monte Carlo ray tracing program for light extraction.

NTU-ITRI 2D-DDCC operation manual

● 2D_LED

● 2D_Vpit LED

● 2D_OLED

● 2D_HBT

● 2D_HEMT

3D DDCC

3D DDCC is named from three-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This is a 3D finite element-based Poisson and drift-diffusion solver developed by Dr. Yuh-Renn Wu. This solver was initially developed with the 3D FEM thermal solver by Dr. Chi-kang Li when he was a PhD student in Dr. Wu's group. Then, the Poisson and drift-diffusion solver was added by Dr. Wu to this project. This solver was basically an expansion of 2D program into 3D program. Therefore, all new algorithms added in the 2D program will be soon added to the 3D program if no errors are found. The mesh algorithm was from Gmsh program. It also accepts another mesh algorithm as long as it can be converged into gmsh format. The 3D FEM-based Schrodinger eigen solver was also added. It also accepts additional modules to read in the optical field from the 3D FD-TD program so that it can consider the solar cell problem. Then, the 3D ray tracing program was developed. This solver can now solve many different problems such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, and thermal and light extraction. Recently, a 3D localization landscape model was also added to this program so that it can calculate the effective quantum potential very efficiently. This code is written in Fortran language.

It includes the following functions :

1. tuneable parameters for all basic material properties
2. heterojunction simulation
3. dopant activation energy
4. eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. traps model single-level traps Gaussian distribution traps.
6. tail state dos state models gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
7. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
8. The impact ionization model is included.
9. The BTBT model is included.
10. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
11. exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
12. field dependent mobility model includes 1 pool Frankel mode 2 field-dependent mobility model
13. radiative, SRH, Auger recombination models are included.
14. light generation simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling. it can also read in generation profile from optical solver such as 3d FD-TD.

NTU ITRI DDCC section

Formula for doping and Temperature-dependent mobility model
Formula for refractive index
Formula for field dependent mobility

Matlab based GUI interface

The 1D to 3D DDCC solver was command-line-based. It can easily used in cluster systems with large amounts of job submissions. However, it is not easy for general users to use. In 2010, the need for a GUI interface was increasing due to some industrial collaboration projects. In 2011, Prof. Wu was visiting UCSB as a visiting scholar without teaching loading. He spent 5 months developing a 1D to 3D GUI interface with a Matlab GUI function. The Matlab's GUI function is based on JAVA so that it can be used in both Linux, windows, and even MAC OS systems. This program is growing with new functions added to the DDCC solver. So the interface input arrangement is not as ideal as logic but based on the time of development. After years of continuing improvement, now it might be much easier to use. However, due to licensing issues from from Matlab, the GUI program is now going to be transferred into another language-based environment. The source code of this GUI program is opened and was put in the GUI release. The GUI program simply assists the user in generating input files for DDCC to read. Therefore, ideally, the DDCC user can do the simulation without this GUI program. However, it would be good for new users to use the GUI interface to avoid some setting problems.

ITRI-NTU 3D-FDTD

3D-FDTD is called from three dimensional finite difference time domain method. This program models computational electrodynamics, which is referred to in the book Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Third Edition, by Allen Taflove.

ITRI 3D Ray Tracing

Ray tracing is a program for calculating the path of photons through a system. The code is developed in ITRI.

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