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Multi-Dimensional Drift-Diffusion Charge Control solver (DDCC) MENU

1D DDCC

1D DDCC is named after a one-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This solver initially solved the Poisson Schrodinger Equation developed at U of M, Ann Arbor. Then the function of the drift-diffusional solver was added by Prof. Yuh-Renn Wu when he was a PhD student at UM and got its name DDCC. After Prof. Wu became a professor at NTU, he continued to the improvement of this program. This solver can now solve many different problems, such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, optical cavity mode models, and the newly added localization landscape model in 2017. The Polarization charges induced in the nitride system can be considered as well. The nitride-based 6-band k.p solver was also added to this program so that it can analyze the band structure variation due to strain. This code is written in the Fortran language.

1D-DDCC includes the following functions: <be> 1. Poisson, drift-diffusion, localized landscape equation for self-consistent solution 2. tunable parameters for all basic material properties
3. heterojunction simulation
4. dopant activation energy
5. Eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. k.p solver of qw for wurtzite structures.
6. Traps model single-level traps, Gaussian distribution traps.
7. tail state dos state models gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
8. tunneling probability calculation
9. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
10. The impact ionization model is included.
11. BTBT model is included.
12. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
13. Exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
14. The field-dependent mobility model is included: 1) pool Frankel mode 2) field-dependent mobility model
15. The radiative SRH auger recombination model is included.
16. light generation, simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling.

NTU-ITRI 1D-DDCC operation manual

● 1D_LED

● 1D_OLED

● 1D_HEMT

● 1D_LASER

2D DDCC

2D DDCC is named from the two-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This is a 2D finite element-based Poisson, drift-diffusion, and localized landscape solver developed by Dr. Yuh-Renn Wu. This solver was initially developed with the thermal solver. Then, the Poisson and drift-diffusion solver was added to this project. The localized landscape model was added in 2017 with 3 published works in PRB. This solver was initially developed to solve the AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure. Later, it was developed as a generalized solver for LEDs, laser diodes, solar cells, and laterally extended to OLED devices.. Therefore, the 1D Schrodinger cross-section solver was added to the program to obtain confined state information. The electric field distribution was then used in a Monte Carlo program for high field transport. After Dr. Wu returned to NTU, the program was modified to solve the problem of LED-based current spreading. The mesh algorithm was then improved gradually to deal with certain issues. After years of development, the 2D FEM-based Schrodinger eigen solver was added. It also accepts additional modules to read in the optical field from the 2D FD-TD program to consider the solar cell problem. Then, the 2D ray tracing program was added to this project to solve the light extraction problem. This solver can now solve many different problems, such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, and thermal and light extraction. Recently, a localization landscape model was also added to this program so that it can calculate the effective quantum potential very efficiently. This code is written in the Fortran language.

This solver can solve the 2D FEM based Poisson, drift-diffusion, localized landscape, and thermal equation self-consistently and solve the Schrodinger equation after the Poisson and drift-diffusion solver is converged due to time issues. It has a built-in mesh generator. It also includes the following functions:

1. tunable parameters for all basic material properties
2. heterojunction simulation
3. dopant activation energy
4. eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. traps model single-level traps Gaussian distribution traps.
6. tail state dos state models Gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
7. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
8. The impact ionization model is included.
9. The BTBT model is included.
10. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
11. exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
12. field dependent mobility model includes 1 pool Frankel mode 2 field-dependent mobility model
13. Radiative, SRH, and Auger recombination models are included.
14. light generation simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling. it can also be read in generation profiles from optical solvers such as 2D FD-TD
15. Monte Carlo ray tracing program for light extraction.

NTU-ITRI 2D-DDCC operation manual

● 2D_LED

● 2D_Vpit LED

● 2D_OLED

● 2D_HBT

● 2D_HEMT

3D DDCC

3D DDCC is named from the three-dimensional Drift-diffusion Charge Control solver. This is a 3D finite element-based Poisson, drift-diffusion, localized landscape, and thermal solver developed by Dr. Yuh-Renn Wu. This solver was initially developed with the 3D FEM thermal solver by Dr. Chi-kang Li when he was a PhD student in Dr. Wu's group. Dr. Wu added the Poisson and drift-diffusion solver to this project. Then, the strain-stress solver (2015) and localized landscape solver(2017) were added to this solver. This solver was an expansion of a 2D program into a 3D program. Therefore, all new algorithms added in the 2D program will soon be added to the 3D program if no errors are found. The mesh algorithm was from the Gmsh program. It also accepts another mesh algorithm as long as it can be converted into the GMSh format. The 3D FEM-based Schrodinger eigen solver was also added. It also accepts additional modules to read in the optical field from the 3D FD-TD program to consider the solar cell problem. Then, the 3D ray tracing program was developed. This solver can now solve many different problems, such as trap problems, Gaussian shape tail state models, field-dependent mobility, and thermal and light extraction. Recently, a 3D localization landscape model was also added to this program so that it can calculate the effective quantum potential very efficiently. This code is written in the Fortran language.

It includes the following functions:

1. tunable parameters for all basic material properties
2. heterojunction simulation
3. dopant activation energy
4. Eigen solver for Schrodinger equation.
5. Traps model single-level traps, Gaussian distribution traps.
6. tail state dos state models gaussian distribution of tail states exceptional decay model, etc.
7. including the effect of polarization charge at the interface
8. The impact ionization model is included.
9. The BTBT model is included.
10. landscape model and self-consistent Poisson drift-diffusion equation landscape model
11. Exciton diffusion nonradiative recombination quenching for organic materials is included.
12. field field-dependent mobility model includes one pool Frankel mode two field-dependent mobility model
13. Radiative, SRH, and Auger recombination models are included.
14. light generation, simple solar spectrum absorption with alpha is included for solar cell modeling. it can also read in a generation profile from an optical solver such as 3d FD-TD

NTU ITRI DDCC section

Formula for doping and Temperature-dependent mobility model
Formula for refractive index
Formula for field dependent mobility

Matlab based GUI interface

The 1D to 3D DDCC solver was command-line-based. It can easily be used in cluster systems with large amounts of job submissions. However, it is not easy for general users to use. In 2010, the need for a GUI interface was increasing due to some industrial collaboration projects. In 2011, Prof. Wu was visiting UCSB as a visiting scholar without teaching load. He spent 5 months developing a 1D to 3D GUI interface with a Matlab GUI function. The MATLAB GUI function is based on JAVA, so it can be used in both Linux, Windows, and even MAC OS systems. This program is growing with new functions added to the DDCC solver. So the interface input arrangement is not as ideal as logic, but based on the development time. After years of continuous improvement, it might be much easier to use. However, due to licensing issues from MATLAB, the GUI program is now going to be transferred into another language-based environment. The source code of this GUI program is open and was put in the GUI release. The GUI program assists the user in generating input files for DDCC to read. Therefore, ideally, the DDCC user can do the simulation without this GUI program. However, it would be suitable for new users to use the GUI interface to avoid some setting problems.

ITRI-NTU 3D-FDTD

3D-FDTD is called from the three-dimensional finite difference time domain method. This program models computational electrodynamics, which is referred to in the book Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Third Edition, by Allen Taflove.

ITRI 3D Ray Tracing

Ray tracing is a program for calculating the path of photons through a system. The code is developed in ITRI.

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SLURM setting

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